* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #333;
}

.container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
}

/* Navigation */
.navbar {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    z-index: 1000;
    padding: 1rem 0;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.nav-container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.nav-logo {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: #2c3e50;
}

.nav-menu {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.nav-link {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #333;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.nav-link:hover, .nav-link.active {
    color: #3498db;
}

.hamburger {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.bar {
    width: 25px;
    height: 3px;
    background-color: #333;
    margin: 3px 0;
    transition: 0.3s;
}

/* Hero Section with Custom Background */
.hero {
    height: 100vh;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background-image:
        linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)),
        url('Images/Background.jpeg');
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-attachment: fixed;
    color: white;
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
}

/* Alternative without overlay (if your image is dark enough) */
.hero-no-overlay {
    height: 100vh;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background-image: url('Images/Background.jpeg');
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-attachment: fixed;
    color: white;
    text-align: center;
}

/* Ensure text is readable with a subtle text shadow */
.hero-content h1 {
    font-size: 3.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
}

.hero-description {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    opacity: 0.95;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
}

/* Optional: Add a subtle animated overlay */
.hero::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(45deg,
        rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1) 0%,
        rgba(118, 75, 162, 0.1) 100%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-content {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.headshot {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover;
    border: 4px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.headshot:hover {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .headshot {
        width: 150px;
        height: 150px;
    }
}

.highlight {
    color: #f39c12;
}

.hero-description {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    opacity: 0.9;
}

.hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    opacity: 0.8;
    font-style: italic;
}

.hero-buttons {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.btn {
    padding: 12px 30px;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 5px;
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.btn-primary {
    background-color: #3498db;
    color: white;
}

.btn-secondary {
    background-color: transparent;
    color: white;
    border: 2px solid white;
}

.btn-outline {
    background-color: transparent;
    color: #3498db;
    border: 2px solid #3498db;
}

.btn:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

/* Sections */
.section-title {
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    color: #2c3e50;
}

/* Physics Section */
.physics {
    padding: 100px 0;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
}

.position-card {
    background: white;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.position-card.current {
    border-left: 5px solid #3498db;
}

.position-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.position-header h3 {
    color: #3498db;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
}

.position-date {
    background-color: #3498db;
    color: white;
    padding: 5px 15px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.position-card h4 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    color: #2c3e50;
}

.institution {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #666;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.advisor {
    color: #888;
    font-style: italic;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.description {
    color: #666;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.research-areas, .timeline, .awards-section, .publications {
    margin: 4rem 0;
}

.research-areas h3, .timeline h3, .awards-section h3, .publications h3 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    color: #2c3e50;
    text-align: center;
}

/* Updated research grid to handle 5 cards */
.research-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
}
@media (min-width: 1000px) {
    .research-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .research-card:nth-child(1) { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
    .research-card:nth-child(2) { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; }
    .research-card:nth-child(3) { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; }
    .research-card:nth-child(4) { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; }
    .research-card:nth-child(5) { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 3; }
    .research-card:nth-child(6) { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 3; }
}

.research-card {
    background: white;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    text-align: center;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.research-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.research-icon {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.research-icon i {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    color: #3498db;
}

/* .research-card h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: #2c3e50;
} */

.research-card p {
    color: #666;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.research-img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;    /* fill card width */
    height: auto;   /* preserve aspect ratio (no crop) */
    object-fit: contain; /* safe fallback */
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin-top: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

/* Make sure cards don't impose a fixed image height */
.research-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
}

/* research header: icon left of title */
.research-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.research-icon {
    font-size: 1.25rem;   /* adjust icon size */
    color: var(--accent, #2b6cb0); /* optional accent color */
    flex: 0 0 auto;
}

/* ensure title and icon align even when image appears above */
.research-card h4 {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.6rem;
}

/* keep rest of card layout unchanged */
.research-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
}

/* make icon/title vertically centered */
.research-header .research-icon {
    margin-bottom: 0px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.research-header h4 {
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 1.25;
}

/* Timeline */
.timeline-item {
    display: flex;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    position: relative;
}

.timeline-marker {
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    background-color: #3498db;
    border-radius: 50%;
    margin-right: 2rem;
    margin-top: 0.2rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.timeline-content h4 {
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.thesis {
    font-style: italic;
    color: #666;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.details {
    color: #888;
}

/* Awards */
.awards-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
}

.award-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    background: white;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.award-icon {
    margin-right: 1rem;
}

.award-icon i {
    font-size: 2rem;
    color: #f39c12;
}

.award-content h4 {
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.award-content p {
    color: #666;
}

/* Publications */
.publication-list {
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.publication-item {
    background: white;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.publication-item h4 {
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.authors {
    color: #666;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.journal {
    color: #888;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.inspire-link {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

/* Music Section */
.music {
    padding: 100px 0;
    background: white;
}

.music-intro {
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto 4rem;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: #666;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

.music-content {
    display: grid;
    gap: 4rem;
}

.music-description h3 {
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.music-description p {
    color: #666;
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.soundcloud-section {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 3rem;
    border-radius: 15px;
    text-align: center;
}

.soundcloud-section h3 {
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
}

.soundcloud-section > p {
    color: #666;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.soundcloud-embed {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    border-radius: 10px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.music-links {
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.music-physics-connection h3 {
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.connection-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
}

.connection-item {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    text-align: center;
}

.connection-icon {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.connection-icon i {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    color: #e74c3c;
}

.connection-item h4 {
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.connection-item p {
    color: #666;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Contact Section */
.contact {
    padding: 100px 0;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    text-align: center;
}

.contact-description {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    color: #666;
    max-width: 600px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.contact-links {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 2rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.contact-link {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #333;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    border-radius: 5px;
    background: white;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.contact-link:hover {
    color: #3498db;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.contact-link i {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
}

/* Footer */
.footer {
    background-color: #2c3e50;
    color: white;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

.footer p {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

/* Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .hamburger {
        display: flex;
    }

    .nav-menu {
        display: none;
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        background: white;
        flex-direction: column;
        padding: 1rem;
        box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    }

    .nav-menu.active {
        display: flex;
    }

    .hero-content h1 {
        font-size: 2.5rem;
    }

    .hero-buttons {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
    }

    .position-header {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }

    .timeline-item {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .timeline-marker {
        margin-right: 0;
        margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }

    .contact-links {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
    }

    .soundcloud-section {
        padding: 2rem 1rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .hero-content h1 {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }

    .section-title {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }

    .position-card, .research-card, .award-item, .publication-item {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }

    .music-intro {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
}

/* Publication Links */
.publication-item {
    background: white;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.publication-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.publication-item h4 {
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.authors {
    color: #666;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.journal {
    color: #888;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.citations {
    color: #3498db;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.publication-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.pub-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #3498db;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    padding: 5px 12px;
    border: 1px solid #3498db;
    border-radius: 20px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.pub-link:hover {
    background-color: #3498db;
    color: white;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.pub-link i {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

/* Responsive adjustments for publications */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .publication-links {
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .pub-link {
        font-size: 0.8rem;
        padding: 4px 10px;
    }
}

/* Paper Links in Research Cards */
.paper-links {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.8rem;
}

.paper-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #3498db;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border: 1px solid #3498db;
    border-radius: 20px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    background: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.05);
}

.paper-link:hover {
    background-color: #3498db;
    color: white;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.3);
}

.paper-link i {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .paper-links {
        margin-top: 1rem;
        gap: 0.6rem;
    }

    .paper-link {
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        padding: 6px 10px;
    }
}